Lloyd Sealy Library                                                                                                                    John Jay College of Criminal Justice

Lloyd Sealy Library

FORENSIC SCIENCE: A RESEARCH GUIDE

Katherine B. Killoran

Reference Librarian

1994


This research guide is designed to introduce the forensic science resources available in the Lloyd Sealy Library of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Many of the resources discussed are unique to John Jay College in the CUNY system.

The field of forensic science includes a very diverse group of subjects. A simple definition of the term is: any science which can be applied to the problems or processes of the law. Therefore, any science can be classified as a forensic science if it is used in this context.

The discipline of forensic science has three facets:

  • the scientific aspect

  • the criminal justice aspect

  • the legal aspect.

This guide describes resources concerned with all three aspects.

The American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) is the professional body which oversees this field. There are currently nine recognized divisions of the AAFS: criminalistics, pathology, toxicology, psychiatry, odontology, physical anthropology, questioned documents, engineering, jurisprudence, and general. The curriculum at John Jay emphasizes the fields of criminalistics and toxicology.

This guide is intended for use by non-specialists, as well as researchers familiar with the forensic sciences. It is organized with the most basic sources listed first in each category.

The Library Catalog

CUNY+, the John Jay catalog, is the best place to start any research project. The catalog lists the holdings of all twenty- five CUNY libraries; John Jay has the most extensive collection on forensic science. Many of the materials in forensic science can be found in the library call number: HV 8073; the medical aspects of forensic science can be found in the call number: RA 1001. Check both the Reference section and the Stacks when browsing by call number.

Using the Catalog
There is a self-guided workbook available for first-time users of the catalog which will introduce the user to the procedures for searching CUNY+. Ask for it at the Reference Desk.

As stated earlier, forensic science has diverse aspects so there are many subject headings which may be searched. The most general information will be found by searching:

S=FORENSIC SCIENCES
or
S=CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

Others to try are:

     S=CRIMINALS--IDENTIFICATION        S=FINGERPRINTS
     S=EVIDENCE, CRIMINAL               S=FORGERY
     S=GRAPHOLOGY                       S=POISONS
     S=FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY              S=DEATH--CAUSES
The Library has a pamphlet entitled Forensic science subject headings which lists over 200 interesting subject headings. Pick one up at the Library Reference Desk.

Keyword Searching
CUNY+ can also be searched by using keywords. The computer will search all fields of each item record looking for words, phrases, or combinations of words or phrases.

     K=CRIMINALISTICS              K=DNA FINGERPRINTS
Keyword allows you to combine search terms using the connector "and" to locate relevant material. Try the search below:

K=HOMICIDE and EVIDENCE

This search results in a listing of items that have both the word homicide and the word evidence in their records. More sophisticated keyword searches are possible. For further information check the help screens on CUNY+, get the pamphlet Try keyword searching at the Reference Desk, or ask a Reference Librarian.

REFERENCE BOOKS

Reference books are important to consult when beginning any research. Listed below are the reference sources which are particularly important in the forensic sciences.

GENERAL SOURCES

McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of science and technology.   (1992).
     7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.  
This 20 volume encyclopedia provides broad, comprehensive coverage of the sciences and technology. The generally brief articles are written by subject specialists in a readable style without overwhelming scientific jargon. Coverage of forensic science topics is wide. Headings include: death, autopsy, forensic anthropology, hair, forensic dentistry, natural and man-made fibers, forensic medicine, genetic mapping, chromatography, ballistics and ink. A detailed index volume is provided.

Saferstein, R. (Ed.).  (1982).  Forensic science handbook.  
     Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.  
This two volume handbook is the best reference source for the field of criminalistics. Each chapter is an authoritative review of a particular aspect of the field written by noted experts. References are included for each chapter and some have long bibliographies. Chapters discuss examination techniques for physical evidence like blood, hair, fibers, paint, glass, soil, petroleum products, gunshot residue, explosives, alcohol and drugs, and questioned documents. Analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography, microscopy applications, capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry are also covered.

Handbook of forensic science.  (1975 -    ).  Federal Bureau of 
     Investigation. Washington, DC: FBI Library.  (Irregular).
This slim handbook is published periodically by the FBI to familiarize law enforcement personnel with the techniques, capabilities, and limitations of crime laboratories. It is arranged in outline format and covers legal and practical procedures for collecting, preserving, and handling different types of physical evidence. Information furnished is brief. Laboratory services of the FBI are discussed. There is no index but the table of contents is helpful. This is a basic source which beginning forensic science students will find approachable.

Hormachea, C.R.  (1974).  Sourcebook in criminalistics.
     Reston, VA: Reston Publishing Co.
This book, though a bit dated gives an introduction to the field of criminalistics. The book is divided into four sections of which the first two may be of interest to students: the scientific approach to crime detection and crime scene analysis. A subject index is included.

MEDICAL SOURCES

Spitz, W.U. (Ed.).  (1993).  Spitz and Fisher's medicolegal investigation:
      Guidelines for the application of pathology to crime investigation.
     3rd ed. Springfield, IL: C.C. Thomas.
This authoritative treatise comprehensively summarizes the theories and techniques of death investigation and forensic pathology in a practical manner. The highly respected experts who have edited this volume have chosen to present their information in an easily accessible format with little specialized jargon, making this source productive for a wide audience. The text is liberally peppered with graphic black and white photographs and drawings which illustrate modes of death. Topics of note are forensic entomology and odontology, bodily changes after death, autopsy procedures and reports, gunshot wounds, and the investigation of deaths resulting from child abuse, drugs or alcohol. Subject index is provided.

Curran, W.J., McGarry, A.L. & Petty, C.S.  (1980).  Modern 
     legal medicine, psychiatry and forensic science.  
    Philadelphia: FA Davis Co.
This ambitious text attempts to cover the subject areas enunciated in the book's title. A great deal of relevant information for students of forensic science can be found here. It was written as a comprehensive book for non-specialists and students as well as practitioners in law, medicine, science and policing so it is very readable. Part I is an overview of the development and ethical issues of these fields. Parts II and III cover death investigation and types of special investigations, respectively. Part IV deals with forensic psychiatry. Part V will probably be the most useful as it covers various fields in forensic science. Chapters include material on crime laboratory organization, forensic toxicology and dentistry, voice identification, the polygraph, and questioned documents.Each part of the book addresses the basic principles and methods employed in each field and how evidence identified should be presented in court. Information on education, training and accreditation in various fields is included so students exploring these careers will find this source of interest.

Gresham, G.A.  (1975).  A colour atlas of forensic pathology.  
     London:  Wolfe Medical Books.  
This book consists of graphic, color photographs which illustrate various causes of death. Brief descriptions of each plate are given. The beginning briefly describes the duties of the forensic pathologist at the scene of death and the post-mortem examination.

Knight, B.  (1984).  The post-mortem technician's handbook:
     A manual of mortuary practice.  London:  Blackwell Scientific
     Publishers.  
Although written for technicians working or training in a coroner or medical examiner office, this book is of interest to forensic science students. It provides detailed descriptions of procedures which are done during autopsies. Information is given on external as well as internal examination methods of the body are given. Methods for the collection and preservation of specimens are presented. One chapter discusses the differences between clinical and forensic autopsies.

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION SOURCES

Forensic science is a part of the broader field of criminal investigation. Important reference sources in this field are listed below.

Kirk, P.L.  (1953 & 1974).  Crime investigation.  1st &
     2nd eds.  New York: Wiley and Sons.
This is the classic text on crime investigation. It comprehensively presents the basic information investigators and students of criminalistics should understand about the handling of physical evidence. Kirk discusses laboratory operations and techniques as well. Sections are included on casting, fingerprinting, and photography. The 2nd ed. has less information on the use of microscopy and laboratory techniques. A most useful reference for forensic science students. Brief references and index included.

O'Hara, C.E. and O'Hara, G.L.  (1988).  Fundamentals of
     criminal investigation.  Rev. 5th ed.  Springfield, IL:
     Charles C. Thomas.           
This one-volume treatise comprehensively introduces readers to the foundations of investigative work, and the application of scientific methods and services to this field. Investigation techniques for specific crimes are discussed, including arson, narcotics violations, sex offenses, burglary, forgery, and homicide. Now in the fifth edition, this source is a classic in the field of criminal investigation. Bibliography and subject index provided.

Fischer, B.  (1993).  Techniques of crime scene investigation.
     5th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.  
This book is the latest revision of a classic text written by Svensson and Wendel. It is written for the nonspecialist and introduces concepts, procedures and technical information on crime scene investigation. A good overview of crime scene processing and the techniques used to collect different types of evidence is provided. Specific crimes such as: sexual assault, burglary, and homicide are discussed. The appendix lists equipment which may be needed to process a crime scene. The bibliography is particularly useful to the nonspecialist since it has been prepared specifically for them.

Ingraham, B.L. & Mauriello, T.P.  (1990 -   ).  Police  investigation
     handbook.   New York:  Matthew Bender.  
 
This loose-leaf treatise was created for investigators to increase the courtroom effectiveness of the evidence they collect. The treatise is divided into four parts. Part I deals with general legal principles and rules of evidence. Part II is of particular interest to the forensic science student. It concisely covers the methods and techniques used in criminal investigation, crime scene processing, and the collecting of physical evidence like fingerprints, firearms and ballistics, tool marks, questioned documents, and trace evidence. DNA fingerprinting is covered as is police interrogation of suspects using hypnosis or the polygraph. Part III details the presentation of evidence in court and the testimony of expert witnesses. Part IV covers the collection of evidence for specific crimes such as homicide, robbery, drug investigations, rape and other sexual offenses. References are liberally provided through out the text and include citations to statutes and cases. This source provides a very thorough examination of the subject. A table of cases and a subject index are provided.

LEGAL SOURCES

The sources below are concerned with the legal aspects of forensic science. They all provide a general overview of the legal principles involved when introducing scientific evidence. The target audience for these sources is lawyers, but students of criminal investigation and forensic science will find them of value as well.

Wecht, C.H., (Ed.).  (1981-   ).  Forensic sciences: Law/science,
     civil/criminal.   New York: Matthew Bender.  
 
Forensic sciences is a four volume loose-leaf treatise which comprehensively covers the legal applications of forensic science. It provides general overviews of forensic procedures; rules, precedents and advice for presentation of forensic evidence in court; and information on selecting and questioning forensic expert witnesses. References to cases, statutes, legal encyclopedias and articles abound. The fourth volume presents transcripts of actual testimony by forensic experts. There is a subject index and a list of expert witnesses by forensic discipline. The set is updated annually by the colored pages at the beginning of each volume.

Giannelli, P. & Imwinkelried, E.J.  (1993).  Scientific evidence.
     2nd ed.  Charlottesville, VA: Michie Co. 
Although not as comprehensive as Forensic sciences listed above, this two volume legal text provides more depth for each topic. It is written in plain language and is appropriate for the layperson but sophisticated enough to be of use to the specialist. The first ten chapters generally explain the legal issues which effect scientific evidence: admissibility, discovery, expert testimony and chain of custody. The remaining chapters cover specific forensic topics such as fingerprints, DNA evidence, firearms, tool marks, etc. Each chapter gives a general overview of the topic, historical or scientific background, appropriate analytical procedures or techniques, and admissibility of that type of evidence. Each chapter also includes a selected bibliography. The set is indexed by subject and has an alphabetical table of cases; it is updated by annual supplements.

Imwinkelried, E.J., (Ed.).  (1981).  Scientific and expert evidence.
     2nd ed.  New York: Practicing Law Institute.  
The aim of this collection of articles is to explain the value and limitations of scientific evidence. Arranged differently from the sources discussed above, this volume is divided into three parts: instrumental techniques producing numerical results, instrumental techniques producing non-numerical results, and techniques such as hypnosis which do not result in such tangible outcomes. The editor provides a critical commentary which prefaces each article describing the legal problems associated with each technique and outlines tactics for introducing the evidence in court. Students are advised to use this book along with sources that are more current since it was published in 1981 and includes reprints of some articles from the 1970's. Information is presented in straightforward language and is appropriate for the general user. Subject index provided.

Moenssens, A.E., Inbau, F.E. & Starrs, J.E.  (1986).  Scientific evidence
      in criminal cases.  3rd ed.  Mineola, NY:  Foundation Press.
This book presents the expected results and capabilities of laboratory techniques which are performed on scientific evidence. It also discusses the admissibility of that evidence and the changes which may occur in the law because of these techniques. Intended, in part, for students of criminal justice, it is not a technical treatise. Coverage is spotty, some topics are presented in detail while others are only treated superficially.

DIRECTORIES

Forensic services directory.  (1980 -    ).  Princeton, NJ:  National 
     Forensic Center.  [Annual].
This national register of experts lists persons and organizations in the U.S. with expertise in a broad range of specialties which go far beyond the fields traditionally associated with forensic science. The directory is arranged by subject with indexes by name and geographical location. Part II lists sources of specialized knowledge which consist of organizations arranged alphabetically with a subject index. This directory is available electronically on the WESTLAW and LEXIS/NEXIS databases.

World list of forensic science laboratories and practices.  (1987).
     Harrogate, ENG:  Forensic Science Society.  
Lists addresses and phone numbers for forensic laboratories by country and city. Arranged geographically.

American Academy of Forensic Sciences.  (1987).  Membership directory.
     Colorado Springs: The Academy.  
Lists members of the academy alphabetically, by section and geographically by state. Officers, meetings and bylaws of the academy are included.

Regulatory Assistance Corporation.  (1991).  Directory of  toxicological
      and related testing laboratories.  New York:  Hemisphere Publishing 
     Corp.
Lists U.S. laboratories which are currently conducting tests in toxicology and ecotoxicology, or provide analytical or specialized services. Information for each lab includes services offered, products tested, special expertise, equipment owned and certifications. Appendixes list labs by type of studies done and types of chemicals analyzed.

NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFERENCE SERVICE

(NCJRS)

NCJRS is a branch of the U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Institute of Justice (NIJ) which acts as a clearinghouse for criminal justice information. NCJRS has collected and disseminated material on a global basis since 1972; however the collection does contain older material. NCJRS has amassed an enormous collection of research reports, government documents, books, annual reports, conference proceedings, program descriptions and evaluations, dissertations, and journal articles.

Since its inception, NCJRS has published a selected number of reports and documents on microfiche each year. The sometimes obscure nature of the material selected for microfiching makes this collection a particularly rich resource for researchers. The John Jay Library has purchased the entire microfiche collection so all of this material is available at the Library.

Much of the NCJRS collection is of interest to forensic science students. All branches of the forensic sciences are covered but most of the material concentrates on the investigative aspects. The database also contains some legal and scientific material. The material ranges in scope from the practical to the theoretical, from highly technical to material suitable for non-specialists.

To provide access to the NCJRS collection, a bibliographic database has been created which indexes the available material. This database is the most comprehensive source for criminal justice research. Each index record provides the necessary bibliographic information as well as a lengthy summary of the subject content. The Library has this database mounted on the CD-ROM network near the Reference Desk for student use. A brief handout on how to search the CD is available on racks nearby. Inquire at the Reference Desk if assistance is needed.

The John Jay Library owns many of the books, journals, reports, and documents indexed. Check CUNY+ for holdings of these items. All materials which are on fiche are in the cabinets near the CD-ROM's, but are not listed in CUNY+. Items not on fiche can be borrowed from NCJRS, but the process takaes time.

LOCATING JOURNAL ARTICLES USING INDEXES AND ABSTRACTS

Material in the form of journal, magazine or newspaper articles can be used to supplement or update information found in books. Indexes and abstracts are used to find periodical articles on a specific topic. Abstracts are similar to indexes but include short summaries of the articles. Listed below are the indexes and abstracts which are best suited for topics in the forensic sciences.

General magazines and newspapers are an especially good resource for the beginning forensic science student. Scientific information is usually explained in a clear, straightforward manner. Magazines and newspapers may also be productive sources to locate information about certain cases or events with forensic significance. The best place to start your search is:

CUNY+, the Library's online catalog which includes three databases:

    DPAC - Library holdings of the 22 CUNY libraries

    DPER - General periodical index

    DNEW - Index to 27 U.S. newspapers

DPER is a general periodical index which covers the years from 1986 to the present. It indexes both popular magazines and scholarly journal articles. Some entries have summaries in addition to the expected bibliographic data. The Lloyd Sealy Library subscribes to a large number of the periodicals indexed in this database. Consult the List of John Jay Periodicals Indexed in DPER which can be found at the Reference Desk or attached to each terminal in the reference area.

The DNEW database indexes 27 newspapers from 1989 to the present from major cities around the United States. Each entry provides a brief summary of the article. The Sealy Library subscribes to seven of these papers and almost all of the others can be found at the Research Library of the New York Public Library. For retrospective searching of newspapers, the National Newspaper Index is available on microfiche for the years 1979 through 1989. This index covers five papers: The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, The Los Angeles Times and The Christian Science Monitor which are all owned by the library. In addition, the print index of The New York Times is available for the years 1868 to the present. When searching for a particular person, for example, Wayne Williams, if you do not know in which year to search, check the Personal Name Index to the New York Times Index which will provide the year and page to consult in The New York Times Index. There are many subject specific indexes and abstracts which are valuable for locating forensic science articles. All of the items listed below can be found in the Current Index Area by the window in front of the Reference Desk.

Criminal justice periodical index  (CJPI).   Ann Arbor, MI.  (1975 -    ).
     Published annually with updates three times per year.  
CJPI provides excellent coverage of all aspects of criminal justice, including a substantial amount of forensic science material. The Journal of forensic sciences is indexed here. The practical nature of CJPI makes this index especially suitable for undergraduates. Coverage is mostly American with some British and Canadian material included. John Jay subscribes to almost all of the periodicals indexed here.

Criminology, penology and police science abstracts.  Amsterdam. (1973-).
     (This was formerly two separate indexes, Police science  
     abstacts and Criminology  and penology abstracts).   Published 
     bimonthly with an annual cumulated index.
This international abstract covers the theoretical aspects of police science, criminal justice, corrections, and forensic science world-wide. It provides more scholarly coverage than CJPI from a broader range of periodicals. Summaries of all articles, chapters and books are provided in English; if the citation is in a foreign language however, the article will be in that language. Cumulative author and subject indexes are included at the end of each annual volume. Each individual issue is arranged in broad subject categories so users can browse effectively. Check the table of contents to locate an area of interest.

Current law index.  Los Altos, CA.  (1980 -  ). Monthly with quarterly 
     & annual cumulations.
CLI comprehensively reviews over 900 law reviews and journals, plus selected journals from allied fields. A substantial amount of the scholarly literature of forensic science is indexed including the Journal of forensic sciences. Most of the material included will examine the legal aspects of forensic science. Law review articles are usually liberally sprinkled with citations to relevant cases and statutes so this can be a way to discover the important cases on a subject. The table of cases can be helpful for locating articles on a specific legal case if you know it deals with forensic evidence. Each volume has four indexes: author/title, subject, table of cases and table of statutes.

Forensic science abstracts.  Amsterdam.  (1975 -    ).  Issued ten times 
     per year with an annual cumulated index.  
This abstract is a subset of the vast medical database Excerpta medica: The international medical abstracting service. This subset specifically indexes scientific journals related to the fields of forensic science and medicine. This source is the major indexing tool for this field but it is highly sophisticated and therefore appropriate only for users with some expertise in forensic science. The abstract is arranged by broad subject categories with indexes by subject and author. John Jay owns all of the journals which specialize in forensic science; however, due to the enormous scale of the abstract, many journals included here cannot be found in our Library. Reprints are available for a nominal fee from the publisher or interlibrary loan can be arranged if time allows. The larger abstract, Excerpta medica, can be searched online and concentrates more heavily on drugs and toxicology than the MEDLARS database discussed under electronic resources below.

Applied science and technology index.  New York.  Monthly with 
     annual cumulations. (1958 -    ).  
ASTI indexes over 300 English language periodicals in all areas of the applied sciences and engineering. Forensic science researchers frequently utilize this source to locate references on manufactured products or chemicals (for example, deodorants or cosmetics) when attempting to compare or individualize properties of individual brands. This index is also helpful for information on processes and techniques often used by forensic scientists to analyze evidence. Many of the journals covered in ASTI are highly specialized trade publications which can be relatively obscure. If time allows, however, articles can usually be requested through interlibrary loan.

AI        CA selects: Forensic chemistry.  Columbus, OH. 
1                 Biweekly.  (1981 -    ).              
.C15
 
This current awareness tool is created by Chemical Abstracts Service, a division of the American Chemical Society. Every two weeks a computer search of the Chemical abstracts database is executed to gather information on selected topics, in this case, forensic chemistry. The results are collated into this print index. Topics which are covered include: analytical techniques; blood chemistry; biological analysis and identification; breath analysis; fiber, ink and paint analysis and identification; arson, forgery and counterfeiting; chemical analysis of explosives and gunshots; and drug analysis. Articles in Chemical abstracts are gathered from over 14,000 journals worldwide. This source is very technical and substantial knowledge of chemistry is needed.

AI        Chemical abstracts.  Columbus, OH.  Biweekly.  (1907 -
1               1991). 
.C35
Chemical abstracts is the best and most comprehensive source for the chemical literature of the world. It is highly technical and substantial knowledge of chemistry is necessary to use it efficiently, but it is extremely fertile service for many aspects of forensic science. The CA database is enormous. It indexes over 14,000 journals, patents, conference proceedings, dissertations, government reports and books. It has six access points: the general subject index, formula index, chemical substance index, ring system index, author index and patent index. CA is available in a variety of formats. At the Sealy Library we have the print version from 1907 through 1991. It is located at the end of the reference and older index areas. However, the library does not own the five or ten year cumulative indexes which make searching more manageable. Libraries which do have the cumulative indexes include Hunter College, City College and the Chemists Club. The preferred way to search CA at our library is online. The search mechanism is quite complicated so searches must be done by a reference librarian. An appointment can be made at the Reference Desk.

ELECTRONIC INDEXES

WESTLAW Database. West Publishers, Inc. St. Paul, MN. WESTLAW is a legal database which includes the text of legal cases, statutes and law review articles. It is the latter which are of primary use to forensic science students. WESTLAW can also be used to get the text of actual law cases that have been reported. (Usually cases are published only after they have been appealed. Many crimes which receive a great deal of publicity are not necessarily published in a law reporter.) If your case is not in a legal reporter, the best way to gather information about it is through newspapers and magazines.

WESTLAW can be searched quite simply by using the EZ Access method. Look for the Library handout which explains how to get started. The WESTLAW database is available on one terminal in the Reference Area and is available to John Jay faculty and students only. Users must show their validated I.D. Appointments are not necessary but are advised, as use is very high at certain times during the semester.

MEDLARS Databases.  National Library of Medicine. 
     Washington,  DC.
The National Library of Medicine produces a comprehensive database of the world's medical literature which can be a very rich resource for many fields of forensic science. The database covers the literature from 1966 to the present. MEDLARS consists of several files which include Medline (known as Index medicus in print version), Toxlit and Aidsline. The database as well as its print version, Index Medicus, has a specialized vocabulary known as MESH subject headings. At the Sealy Library MEDLARS can be accessed by faculty and graduate students at the faculty workstation through an easy end-user software package called Grateful Med. First time users must be introduced to the product by a reference librarian. Appointments can be made at the reference desk. MEDLARS can also be accessed over the Internet. Ask at the reference desk for more information.

EMBASE Database. Excerpta Medica. Amsterdam. This database is the online version of Excerpta medica which was mentioned above. It indexes over 3,500 biomedical, chemical and pharmaceutical journals internationally. This database has more comprehensive coverage of drugs and toxicology than MEDLARS. The print index Forensic science abstracts discussed above is a subset of this huge database. Often, a search of the broader EMBASE file is indicated to ensure a more complete search. Access to this database at the Sealy Library is limited to online searching so an appointment must be made at the Reference Desk.

FORENSIC SCIENCE PERIODICALS

Periodicals at the Lloyd Sealy Library are shelved by call number and are kept in four locations according to their physical format: microfiche cabinets, microfilm cabinets, bound periodicals or current periodicals. Ask at the Reference Desk if you need help locating a periodical.

RA        Journal of forensic sciences.  Chicago, IL.  Bimonthly.
1001           (1956 -    ).  Bound.
.A57
This is the premier journal in the field. The official journal of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS), it is devoted to the publication of original research and reviews in the various branches of the forensic sciences. Sections of interest include: letters, main articles, technical notes, case reports and book reviews.

RA        Journal of the Forensic Science Society. Harrowgate,
1001          UK.  Quarterly.   (1982 -    ).  Bound.
.F63
 
This is an international journal of science and justice with contributors from a wide variety of countries. Articles are usually 3-4 pages long and can be scientific and technical, or essays, review articles or legal commentaries. This publication is also the official organ of the California Association of Criminalists.

RA        Forensic science international.  Lausanne, SWI. 
1001           Bimonthly.  (1978 -    ).  Bound.
.F6
This is an important journal in the field, with coverage weighted toward forensic medicine, toxicology and pathology.

HV        Journal of forensic identification.  Alameda, CA. 
8073           Bimonthly.  (1988 -    ).  Bound.
.I3
This is the official publication of the International Association for Identification. It publishes research results and information about forensic identification including friction ridge skin identification, document examination, imprint evidence, polygraph examinations, forensic photography, forensic art, voice identification, and acoustic analysis.

HV        Forensic science review.  Birmingham, AL.  Semiannual. 
8073           (1989 -    ).  Bound.              
.F589
This important source is an international review journal which bridges the gap between research-oriented journals and reference books. It fills a vital niche in the literature since there is a paucity of reference material in this subject area. Lengthly articles with a technological focus are published. Articles address scientific techniques in use and provide ideas for future technological innovations.

RA        Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal.  Ottawa,
1001            CAN. Quarterly.  (1968 -    ).  Bound.
.C3
Practically oriented papers, reviews and comments in the various branches of forensic science are published in this journal. Particular areas of coverage include: forensic biology, chemistry, pathology, odontology, and toxicology; blood alcohol analysis; questioned documents; and firearms examination. Articles tend to be three to eight pages long and are written by practitioners from Canadian crime laboratories.

RA        American journal of forensic medicine and pathology.
1001             Quarterly.  (1980 -   ).   Bound.  New York, NY.
.A4
The National Association of Medical Examiners sponsors this journal which features original articles on new examination and documentation procedures, case reports, new devices and advances in medico-legal thinking. Strange and novel causes of death are reported. Book review section is included.

RA        Medicine, science and the law.  Quarterly. (1960 -   ).
1001            Bound.  London.
.M4
This is the official journal of the British Academy of Forensic Sciences. It is a bit wider in scope than those described above. Research and review articles are published in forensic science, forensic psychiatry and legal medicine. In addition, sections include editorials, case reports, letters and book reviews.

RA        International journal of legal medicine.  Bimonthly.
1001          (1991 -    ).  Bound.  Heidelberg, GER.
.Z43
This journal continues Zeitschrift fur Rechtsmedizin (Journal of legal medicine), which was published since 1970 in German. Now published entirely in English, its aim is to communicate research results and stimulate improvement in the scientific weapons available to investigate crimes. Original research, review articles and case reports are published.

RA        Forensic reports.  Quarterly.  New York.  (1988 -
1993).  Bound. 
1148
.F7
This journal which is no longer published served as a means of communication between forensic consultants, expert witnesses and various interest groups. It primarily covered trial law and product liability consulting. Topics covered which may interest John Jay patrons are assessment of eyewitness testimony and jury selection method studies. Forensic reports was practically oriented and usually presented case reports or expert testimony. Concept papers which discussed the role and functions of forensic consultants were included. This journal and the one listed below are included here so users will understand their focus even though they may not be pertinent to the aspects of forensic science usually of interest to our users.

RA        Medico-legal journal.  Cambridge, ENG.  Quarterly. 
1001             (1947 -    ).  Bound.
.M43
The Medico-legal Society publishes this journal which contains short articles on medicine and the law. It is not really forensically-oriented but covers the application of law to medical situations.

NEWSLETTERS

Newsletters are a rich source from which to garner information on new developments and changes in fields of study. Often, they are published by professional associations to communicate the news of the organization. In addition, they usually include notices on new information sources, conference notices and schedules, proceedings of meetings, and news of prominent individuals in the field. The forensic science newsletters listed below also relate cases and legislation which have an impact on the field. Sometimes newsletters can be obscure and not included in the major indexing sources. Criminal justice periodical index however, does index quite a few newsletters.

HV        Crime laboratory digest.  Quantico, VA.  Quarterly. 
8073           (1987 -    ).  Bound.
.C692
This slim journal is published by the FBI in cooperation with the American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors. It covers laboratory techniques and services and is intended to provide a means of rapid communication between crime laboratories. Each issue contains one or two feature articles but most items published are brief. A calendar of upcoming seminars and meetings is included. Each issue is under twenty-five pages in length.

RA        Forensic drug abuse advisor.  Berkeley, CA.  Monthly. 
1001           (1989 -    ).             
.F5
This newsletter contains brief articles on the medical, legal and legislative aspects of drug abuse. Subjects covered include physiological effects, toxicity, testing and toxicological analysis. Content emphasizes the forensic significance of these subjects and how they are applied in our courts. Meeting announcements of relevant organizations are also included.

KF        Scientific sleuthing review.  Washington, DC. 
9214          Quarterly.   (1983 -    ).  Bound.
.S35
Scientific sleuthing review is a newsletter published by a non-profit corporation devoted to the study of forensic science in law enforcement. Each issue contains one longer article and many short ones which discuss recent developments in the various branches of this field. Many of these short articles summarize recently published research and provide the original source. Recent court decisions impacting forensic science are also discussed. This newsletter acts as a current awareness service by giving notice of new resources in the field. It is an accessible, fun and facinating way to stay abreast of developments.

RA        Inform letter.  Wichita, KS.  Quarterly.  (1986 -    ).
1001          Bound.  
.I45 
This very brief newsletter is published by Inform, the reference organization in forensic medicine and science. It notifies readers of events, meetings and conferences, news of individuals in the field, and new information sources. It is mailed with Medicolegal Insights which is a quarterly newsletter directed at attorneys and forensic practitioners which provides data on current developments and special information needed for their handling of cases.

RA        Academy news / American Academy of Forensic Science.  
1001           Colorado Springs, CO.   Bimonthly.  (1982 -    ).
.A35
Newsletter of the AAFS. It communicates news and events, upcoming conferences and employment opportunities. Activities of the Forensic Sciences Foundation, which is the educational branch of the AAFS, are also included.

Newsletters from allied fields may also contain information on forensic science. Those listed below tend to deal with issues related to forensic science:

Criminal law reporter: Court decisions           
Ref. Law KF 132  .C7

Crime control digest
Film HV 6201  .C7
                         
FBI law enforcement bulletin                
Bound  & Film HV 6201  .F2                 

Law and order                          
Film KF HV 7551  .L3                   

Narcotics control digest                     
Film HV 8079 .N3 N3                         

Security letter                            
Film HV 8079  .N3 N3 

Search and seizure bulletin 
Fiche KF 9630  .A5 S4 

Substance abuse report 
Bound HV 5800  .S9

ARCHIVES AND HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS

There are three archives of forensic science information in the United States. The newest one was recently established at the Michigan State University Library at East Lansing, MI. The Michigan State Library has extensive collections in criminal justice and is in the process of organizing a large archive of forensic science materials. Contact the Archives Department at (517) 355-2330 for more details.

The Bancroft Library at the University of California at Berkeley houses the papers of Edward Oscar Heinrich (1881 - 1953), a pioneer in the field of scientific crime detection. Dr. Heinrich, known as the "chemist of crime", layed the foundation for many of the scientific procedures used in crime laboratories today. The collection consists of 117 boxes of material. Contact Manuscript Reference for more information at (510) 642-6481.

INFORM, the reference organization in forensic medicine and science, maintains the Library of Forensic Medicine and Sciences Larson Archive which contains an international collection of books, papers, and audio and videotapes of lectures given by experts at conferences or meetings. It is currently in the process of moving and does not have a new location. Ask at the Reference Desk for more information.

Another resource to note is the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Milton Helpern Library of Legal Medicine in lower Manhattan. Its collection strengths include serlogy, DNA fingerprinting, toxicology, histology, pathology, and the investigation of homicide. Although the Library is not open to the general public, John Jay students can gain access for a specific purpose at the Reference Desk.

INTERNET RESOURCES FOR FORENSIC SCIENCE

The Internet is a world-wide web of interconnected computer networks. Sometimes termed the information superhighway, the Internet can be used to access remote computers and databases, search other libraries' catalogs, send electronic mail, read electronic journals, or join electronic bulletin boards or discussion groups. In the field of forensic science, there are a small number of resources.

FORENS-L is an electronic discussion group for forensic scientists. It can be subscribed to by sending a mail message to: postmaster@acc.fau.edu. Leave the subject line blank. The text of the message should read: subscribe forens-l your name

HUMBIO-L is an unmoderated discussion group for scientists dealing with the biological aspects of anthropology which could be of interest to forensic anthropologists. The address and subscription information is the same as listed above for FORENS-L.

Many other discussion groups exist for the more general fields under which branches of the forensic sciences fall. A brief list follows:

    CJUST-L - Criminal justice discussion group
    Address: listserv@iubvm

    CHEMED-L - Chemistry education discussion group Address: listserv@uwf.bitnet

    CHEMCONF - Chemistry on-line conferences Address: listserv@umdd.umd.edu

    ORGREQ - Organic chemistry discussion group Address: orgreq@quant.chem.rpi.edu

    POP-BIO - Population biology bulletin board Address: listserv@irlearn biosci

    SCI-RES - Science resources bulletin board Address: sci-res@irlearn biosci

    ANTHRO-L - Anthropology discussion group Address: listserv@ubvm


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    Questions or comments can be directed to Kathy Killoran via e-mail at KBKJJ@CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU.

    Last updated 6/96.

    Lloyd Sealy Library
    John Jay College of Criminal Justice
    899 10th Avenue
    NY, NY 10019
    Phone: (212) 237-8246
    Fax: (212) 237-8221